It could be a spun prop. Doesn't happen frequently, but on occasion the rubber center of the prop delaminates from the prop itself. They'll often act like you describe. Fine on idle, but with more power added, at some point they just let go.
If this just started with a prop change, it could be the design of the new prop, or the wrong size new prop.
There could be something going on in the water just ahead of the prop, like a tree branch or something, disrupting the water flow to the prop.
Excessive "up trim" would do it.
Excessive weight forward weight distribution could do that.
Beyond that, it would be interesting to know for sure if it's been an issue since the boat was new, as it could be a design or outdrive installation problem.
Pictures of the boat while out of the water, taken to allow comparison of lower unit height to bottom of pontoons may help there.