Somewhere around 20 years ago a deactivated or buffered sulfur was developed that would react with the phosphorous to create the protective/sacrificial layer in the conditions created in the gear boxes (temperature and pressure) without being corrosive to the brass, copper, etc. This additive system is used in most gear oils today.
API GL-5 rating. It is a rating for EP (Extreme Pressure) protection.
A normal GL-4 gear oil of any given viscosity has about ? of the level of sulfur/phosphorous additive
that would be in the GL-5 product, so the bond is not as strong, and therefore can be peeled off without
peeling a layer of brass (or less brass).
When we use a GL-5 product in a transmission that requires GL-4, we normally find 2 to 4 times as
much copper in the used oil as we would with a GL-4 product. Eventually the synchronizers wear to
the point that they no longer make contact with the other half of the cone, bottoming out before
stopping the opposing gear.
[PDF]The Difference between GL-4 and GL-5 Gear Oils
www.widman.biz/uploads/Transaxle_oil.pdf
[h=3]
API GL-5: Clearing up the Confusion - Automotive Gear Oil ...[/h]
https://www.lubrizol.com/.../AutomotiveGearOil/
GL5.html Lubrizol